Table 6.6  Ambient Water Quality in U.S. Rivers and Streams: Violation Rates, 1975-1997

Year Fecal coliform bacteria Dissolved oxygen Total phosphorus Total cadmium, dissolved Total lead, dissolved
           
  percent of all measurements exceeding national water quality criteria
           
1975 36 5 5 * *
1976 32 6 5 * *
1977 34 11 5 * *
1978 35 5 5 * *
1979 34 4 3 4 13
1980 31 5 4 1 5
1981 30 4 4 1 3
1982 33 5 3 1 2
1983 34 4 3 1 5
1984 30 3 4 <1 <1
1985 28 3 3 <1 <1
1986 24 3 3 <1 <1
1987 23 2 3 <1 <1
1988 22 2 4 <1 <1
1989 30 3 2 <1 <1
1990 26 2 3 <1 <1
1991 15 2 2 <1 <1
1992 28 2 2 <1 <1
1993 31 <1 2 na na
1994 28 2 2 na na
1995 35 1 4 na na
1996 na 1 1 <1 <1
1997 na 1 2 <1 <1

Source:  U.S. Geological Survey, national-level data, unpublished, Reston, VA, 1999.

Notes:  *Base figure too small to meet statistical standards for reliability of derived figures. na = not available. Violation levels are based on the following U.S. Environmental Protection Agency water quality criteria: fecal coliform bacteria -- above 200 cells per 100 ml; dissolved oxygen -- below 5 milligrams per liter; total phosphorus -- above 1.0 milligrams per liter; cadmium, dissolved -- above 10 micrograms per liter; and total lead, dissolved -- above 50 micrograms per liter.

Last Updated on Wednesday, October 18, 2000